Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a zida za diamondi.

Ndi chitukuko cha chuma padziko lonse ndi kusintha kwa makhalidwe a anthu, mwala zachilengedwe (mwala, nsangalabwi), yade, yokumba kalasi yapamwamba (microcrystalline mwala), ziwiya zadothi, galasi, ndi zinthu simenti akhala ankagwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba ndi nyumba. .Kukongoletsa kwa zinthu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana, zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso pomanga misewu ndi milatho.

Kukonza zipangizozi kumafuna zida zosiyanasiyana za diamondi.

Zida za diamondi zomwe zimapangidwa ku Germany, Italy, Japan, ndi South Korea zili ndi mitundu yambiri, yapamwamba komanso yokwera mtengo.Zogulitsa zawo pafupifupi zimakhala pamsika wamsika wapamwamba kwambiri wopangira miyala.

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, makampani aku China omwe amapanga zida za diamondi akukula mwachangu.Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwamakampani, pali makampani pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi omwe amapanga zida za diamondi, ndipo ndalama zogulitsa pachaka zimaposa mabiliyoni makumi ambiri.Pali pafupifupi 100 opanga zida za diamondi mumzinda wa Danyang m'chigawo cha Jiangsu, mzinda wa Shijiazhuang m'chigawo cha Hebei, mzinda wa Ezhou m'chigawo cha Hubei, mzinda wa Shuitou mumzinda wa Quanzhou m'chigawo cha Fujian, mzinda wa Yunfu m'chigawo cha Guangdong ndi m'chigawo cha Shandong.Pali mabizinesi ambiri komanso akulu akulu omwe amapanga zida za diamondi ku China, zomwe sizingafanane ndi dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi, ndipo lidzakhala maziko operekera zida za diamondi padziko lonse lapansi.Mitundu ina ya zida za diamondi ku China imakhalanso ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zida zina zodziwika bwino za zida za dayamondi kunja kwatumizanso makampani aku China kuti azitulutsa.Komabe, zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi makampani ambiri ndi zamtengo wapatali komanso zotsika mtengo.Ngakhale China imatumiza zida zambiri za diamondi, zambiri mwazo ndizotsika mtengo ndipo zimatchedwa "zopanda pake".Ngakhale zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe khalidwe lawo limakumana kapena kupitirira zinthu zofanana zakunja, chifukwa zimapangidwa ku China, sizingagulitse pamtengo wabwino, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri fano la China.Kodi vutoli layambitsa chiyani?Mwachidule, pali zifukwa zazikulu ziwiri.

Chimodzi ndi mlingo wotsika waukadaulo.Kukula kwaukadaulo wopanga zida za diamondi zitha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu mpaka pano.Gawo loyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito ufa woyambira ngati matrix ndikuwonjezera diamondi kuti mupange zida za diamondi ndi njira yosakanikirana ndi makina.Njirayi imakonda kugawanika kwa zigawo;kutentha kwambiri kwa sintering kumatha kuyambitsa diamondi graphitization ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya diamondi.Popeza zida zosiyanasiyana za mitembo zimaphatikizidwa ndi makina, sizimaphatikizidwa bwino, ndipo nyamayo imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa diamondi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga zinthu zapamwamba.Gawo lachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ufa wopangidwa kale ngati matrix ndi njira yosakanikirana ndi diamondi kupanga zida za diamondi.Chifukwa matrix opangidwa ndi alloyed mokwanira komanso kutentha kwa sintering kumakhala kochepa, izi sizingachepetse mphamvu ya diamondi, kupewa kugawikana kwa zigawo, kupanga mawonekedwe abwino a diamondi, ndikupangitsa kuti diamondi igwire bwino ntchito.Zida za diamondi zomwe zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wopangidwa ndi pre-alloyed monga masanjidwewo ali ndi mawonekedwe achangu komanso ochepetsetsa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amatha kupanga zida za diamondi zapamwamba kwambiri.Gawo lachitatu ndikugwiritsa ntchito ufa wopangidwa kale ngati matrix, komanso makonzedwe adongosolo (osanjikiza ambiri, ukadaulo wogawika wa diamondi) wa diamondi.Tekinolojeyi ili ndi ubwino waumisiri wa ufa wopangidwa kale, ndipo imakonza diamondi mwadongosolo, kuti diamondi iliyonse igwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, ndikugonjetsa chilema chakuti kugawidwa kosagwirizana kwa diamondi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha makina osakanikirana kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito yodula. ., Ndi zamakono zamakono popanga zida za diamondi padziko lapansi lero.Tengani amagwiritsidwa ntchito ?350mm diamondi kudula tsamba mwachitsanzo, kudula dzuwa la luso siteji yoyamba ndi 2.0m (100%), kudula dzuwa la siteji yachiwiri luso ndi 3.6m (kuchuluka kwa 180%), ndi lachitatu. siteji Kudula bwino kwaukadaulo ndi 5.5m (kuwonjezeka mpaka 275%).Pakati pa makampani omwe akupanga zida za diamondi ku China, 90% akugwiritsabe ntchito ukadaulo wagawo loyamba, osakwana 10% amakampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wagawo lachiwiri, ndipo makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachitatu.Sizovuta kuwona kuti pakati pamakampani omwe ali ndi zida za diamondi ku China, makampani ochepa amatha kupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.Komabe, makampani ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito ukadaulo wakale komanso wam'mbuyo.

Yachiwiri ndi mpikisano woipa.Zida za diamondi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo zikufunika kwambiri pamsika.Malinga ndi luso lamakono la kupanga zida za diamondi mu gawo loyamba, ndizosavuta kuyambitsa bizinesi yatsopano ya diamondi.M'kanthawi kochepa, pali makampani pafupifupi chikwi omwe amapanga zida za diamondi ku China.Tengani 105mm diamondi macheka tsamba mwachitsanzo, mankhwala kalasi ndi 'wapamwamba', mtengo wakale fakitale ndi pamwamba 18 yuan, mlandu pafupifupi 10%;kalasi ya mankhwala ndi 'standard', mtengo wakale wa fakitale ndi pafupifupi 12 yuan, wowerengera pafupifupi 50%;Gawo lazogulitsa ndi "zachuma", mtengo wakale wa fakitale ndi pafupifupi 8 yuan, pafupifupi 40%.Mitundu itatu iyi yazinthu imawerengedwa molingana ndi mtengo wapagulu.Phindu lazogulitsa 'zapamwamba' limatha kufika kupitirira 30%, ndipo phindu lazinthu za'standard' limatha kufika 5-10%.Mitengo yakale yamabizinesi onse ndi yochepera 8 yuan, ndipo ndi yotsika mpaka 4 yuan.

Popeza teknoloji yambiri yamakampani ili pamtunda wa gawo loyamba, ndipo khalidwe la mankhwala ndilofanana, kuti atenge gawo la msika, ayenera kumenyera chuma ndi mitengo.Mumandipeza, ndipo mitengo yazinthu imatsitsidwa.Zogulitsa zoterezi zimatumizidwa kunja zambiri.Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ena amati zinthu zaku China ndi 'zachabechabe'.Popanda kusintha izi, zimakhala zovuta kupewa mikangano yamalonda.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makampani omwe amapanga zinthu zotsika mtengo akukumananso ndi vuto la kuyamikira kwa RMB.

Tengani msewu wapamwamba kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa utsi.

Kupanga kwapachaka kwa China ndikugulitsa mabiliyoni ambiri a zida za diamondi kumawononga matani pafupifupi 100,000 achitsulo, zitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo, magalamu 400 miliyoni a diamondi, magetsi 600 miliyoni, matani 110,000 a zida zonyamula, matani 52,000 a mawilo opera, ndi matani 3,500 a utoto.Zogulitsa zomwe zimapangidwira masiku ano zimakhala zapakati komanso zotsika.Poyerekeza ndi zinthu za mayiko otukuka, pali kusiyana kwakukulu.Mwachitsanzo, 105mm diamondi macheka tsamba, mosalekeza youma kudula 20mm wandiweyani sing'anga-zolimba granite slab, kudula 40m kutalika.Kudula kwazinthu m'maiko otukuka kumatha kufika 1.0 ~ 1.2m pamphindi.Magawo a China's'standard' amatha kudulidwa kutalika kwa 40m popanda mphamvu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwazinthu zabwino kumatha kufika 0.5 ~ 0.6m pamphindi, ndipo magawo a'economic' amatha kudulidwa zosakwana 40m sindingathenso kusuntha, pafupifupi Kuchita bwino pamphindi ndi pansi pa 0.3m.Ndipo magawo athu ochepa "apamwamba", kudula bwino kumatha kufika 1.0 ~ 1.5m pamphindi.China tsopano ikutha kupanga zida za diamondi zapamwamba kwambiri.Zogulitsa zapamwamba zimakhala ndi ntchito yodula kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusunga mphamvu zambiri komanso maola amunthu zikagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zogulitsa zapamwamba zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali.Tsamba limodzi "lapamwamba" limatha kukhala pamwamba pa 3 mpaka 4 masamba "okhazikika" kapena "zachuma".Ngati masamba a diamondi opangidwa ku China amawongoleredwa pamlingo wamasamba 'apamwamba kwambiri', ndalama zogulitsa zachaka chimodzi zimangowonjezera, osachepera, ndipo 50% yazinthu zitha kupulumutsidwa (zitsulo, zopanda chitsulo 50,000). matani, magetsi 300 miliyoni Digiri, matani 55,000 a zolembera, matani 26,000 a mawilo opera, ndi matani 1,750 a utoto).Zingathenso kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa fumbi kuchokera ku gudumu lopera ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wa penti, ndi kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.